The road of dream building

Release time:

2023-06-27 15:03

What are the electrical materials?

1. Conductive materials

Electrical materials with high conductivity are used as conductors such as copper and aluminum in electrical equipment. Typical products are wire cores of wires and cables. Conductive materials are also materials used in the manufacture of electrical contacts, thermoelectric dolls, fuses, and the like. Not only do these materials have high conductivity, but the materials used to make fuses also require special properties with relatively low melting points. Electrical materials require high arc performance and the like.

Nickel-chromium, chromium-nickel-iron, manganese-copper, steel-copper and other high-resistance alloys are also electrical materials that can be used as heating elements to convert electricity into heat and make resistors.

As a special conductor, graphite has low conductivity, but is chemically inert and has a high melting point. Its product has a low friction coefficient and low mechanical strength, so it is widely used in brushes, electrodes, etc.

The conductive material includes a low temperature conductive material and a superconducting material. For example, pure aluminum is 20K, the best low temperature conductive substance in the hydrogen temperature range. Plutonium is around 77K, that is, the resistivity of liquid nitrogen temperature is also below 1‰ to 1/10000 at normal temperature.

2. Semiconductor Materials

Conductive materials and insulating materials between the conductivity, about 105~10~7 xu/m of the material. For electronic (hole) conduction, it can also be defined as the forbidden band width of the frequency band theory, which is about 0.08~3 electron volts (the upper limit is 1.5 or 2 electron volts). Semiconductors not only have low conductivity, but also increase with the increase of temperature, and the conductivity of conductors decreases with the increase of temperature.

The properties of semiconductors depend on the defect and impurity content, so it can be used.ReagentAdjust its performance. For example, elements such as phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony may be mixed with silicon and germanium to form an electron type (N-type) semiconductor, and elements such as bromine, aluminum, gallium, and indium may be mixed together to form a hole type (P-type) semiconductor. Various combinations of N-type and P-type are subject to rectification and amplification, and can be used for electrical power supply and control and regulation.

The conductivity of semiconductors is very sensitive to external factors, so a series of physical phenomena are observed under its action. For example, light having different wavelengths produces a photoelectric effect in which electrons absorb light energy, increase the concentration of free carriers, and have photoconductivity that increases conductivity. The light receiving element can be manufactured using this characteristic. In addition, a pyroelectric effect, a Hall effect, a magnetoresistive effect, a piezoelectric effect, an electric field effect, a tunnel effect, or the like may be used. Semiconductors are classified into organic and inorganic according to their chemical composition, and inorganic semiconductors are mainly used. Inorganic semiconductors can be further divided into small, round types and complex types. The latter rapidly evolved into binary and ternary according to the components. Semiconductors can also be classified into crystalline semiconductors and amorphous semiconductors according to their structural shape. Generally, since the 1970 s, electronic products are mainly used, and the development of electronic products has been committed.

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